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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of the Notch signaling pathway in regulating neuronal differentiation and sensorimotor ability in a zebrafish model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.@*METHODS@#Zebrafish embryos treated with DMSO or 50 μmol/L DAPT (a Notch signaling pathway inhibitor) were examined for mortality rate, hatching rate, malformation rate, and body length at 15 days post fertilization (dpf). The mRNA expression levels of sox2, neurogenin1 and huc in the treated zebrafish embryos were detected using in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR, and their behavioral responses to strong light and vibration stimulation were observed. The zebrafish embryos were then exposed to DMSO, 1.5% ethanol, DAPT, or both ethanol and DAPT, and the changes in mRNA expression levels of sox2, neurogenin1, huc, and the Notch signaling pathway genes as well as behavioral responses were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Exposure to 50 μmol/L DAPT significantly increased the mortality rate of 1 dpf zebrafish embryos (P < 0.01), decreased the hatching rate of 2 dpf embryos (P < 0.01), increased the malformation rate of 3 dpf embryos (P < 0.001), and reduced the body length of 15 dpf embryos (P < 0.05). DAPT treatment significantly downregulated sox2 mRNA expression (P < 0.01) and increased neurogenin1 (P < 0.05) and huc (P < 0.01) mRNA expressions in zebrafish embryos. The zebrafish with DAPT treatment exhibited significantly shortened movement distance (P < 0.001) and lowered movement speed (P < 0.05) in response to all the stimulation conditions. Compared with treatment with 1.5% ethanol alone, which obviously upregulated notch1a, her8a and NICD mRNA expressions in zebrafish embryos (P < 0.05), the combined treatment with ethanol and DAPT significantly increased neurogenin1 and huc mRNA expression, decreased sox2 mRNA expression (P < 0.01), and increased the moving distance and moving speed of zebrafish embryos in response to strong light stimulation (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Ethanol exposure causes upregulation of the Notch signaling pathway and impairs neuronal differentiation and sensorimotor ability of zebrafish embryos, and these detrimental effects can be lessened by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway.
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Animals , Zebrafish , Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases , Dimethyl Sulfoxide , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors , Antineoplastic Agents , Ethanol/adverse effects , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
【Objective】 To investigate the efficacy of autologous ozoneized blood transfusion(AOBT) in improving consciousness and motor function in convalescent stroke patients. 【Methods】 A total of 44 patients who were diagnosed as convalescent cerebral apoplexy and received treatment in Rehabilitation Department of our hospital from August 2016 to September 2021 were randomly divided into the experimental group and control group by blind method. The experimental group (n=22) received general rehabilitation training (such as exercises, occupational therapy, acupuncture and transcranial magnetic stimulation) plus AOBT (200 mL venous phlebotomy at the median elbow), once every 2 to 3 days and 12 occasions as a course of treatment; the control group solely recieved general rehabilitation training. The consciousness (GCS score) and ability of daily living (Barthel index score) score of the two groups before and after treatment were statistically compared, and Ueda motor function grade, Brunnstrom stage and muscle tone grade were observed and evaluated. 【Results】 After the treatment, the experimental group and the control were compared as follows: 1) the GCS score and Barthel score was 14.82±0.39 vs 12.41±2.52, 61.14±12.24 vs 52.05±11.72(P<0.05); 2) The recovery rate of motor function was 95.45% (21/22) vs 63.64% (14/22) (P<0.05); 3) The total recovery rate of muscle tone was 90.91% (20/22) vs 63.64% (14/22) (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 AOBT, with somewhat high safety and effectiveness, can improve the state of consciousness, motor function and muscle tone in convalescent patients with stroke.
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Objective:To evaluate the relationship between Karyopherin β2 (Kapβ2)-mediated nuclear translocation of nuclear inhomogeneous ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2/B1) and sevoflurane-induced brain neurotoxicity in a cellular experiment.Methods:The mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 cells were inoculated in confocal culture dishes and 6-well culture plates at a density of 2×10 5 cells/well and 1×10 6 cells/well and divided into 4 groups( n=12 each) by a random number table method: control group (GFP-C group) carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) with empty adenovirus transfection, sevoflurane group (GFP-Sev group) carrying GFP with empty adenovirus transfection, control group (GFP-Sev group) transfected with Kapβ2 gene-overexpressing adenovirus, and sevoflurane group (Kapβ2-Sev group) transfected with Kapβ2 gene-overexpressing adenovirus. After 48 h of conventional incubation, empty adenovirus-carrying GFP (GFP-C and GFP-Sev groups) and Kapβ2 gene-overexpressing adenovirus (Kapβ2-C and Kapβ2-Sev groups) were transfected. After 48 h of transfection, the cells were conventionally incubated continuously in GFP-C and Kapβ2-C groups, and the cells were incubated for 3 h with 3% sevoflurane and then were conventionally incubated for 48 h in GFP-Sev and Kapβ2-Sev groups. The expression of Kapβ2, synaptophysin (SYP), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and hnRNPA2/B1 nucleoplasmic ratio were measured in cells by Western blot. Immunofluorescence assay was used for hnRNPA2/B1 subcellular localization. Results:Compared with GFP-C group, the expression of SYP and PSD95 was significantly down-regulated, hnRNPA2/B1 nucleoplasmic ratio was decreased, and cytoplasmic hnRNPA2/B1 expression was up-regulated in GFP-Sev group, and Kapβ2 expression was significantly up-regulated in Kapβ2-C group ( P<0.05). Compared with Kapβ2-C group, the expression of SYP and PSD95 was significantly down-regulated, hnRNPA2/B1 nucleoplasmic ratio was decreased, and cytoplasmic hnRNPA2/B1 expression was up-regulated in Kapβ2-Sev group ( P<0.05). Compared with GFP-Sev group, the expression of Kapβ2, SYP and PSD95 was significantly up-regulated, hnRNPA2/B1 nucleoplasmic ratio was increased, and cytoplasmic hnRNPA2/B1 expression was down-regulated in Kapβ2-Sev group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Kapβ2-mediated hnRNPA2/B1 nuclear translocation may be the endogenous protective mechanism against sevoflurane-induced brain neurotoxicity.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of visual preconditioning on emergence agitation in ophthalmic surgery among preschool children.Methods:A total of 156 preschool children who underwent elective ophthalmic surgery in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from February to September 2021 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the intervention group by random number table method, there were 78 cases in each group. The control group was given normal nursing 1 hour before surgery while the intervention group accepted visual preconditioning by covering the affected eye. Chinese Version of the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (Cm-YPAS) was used to evaluate the grade of anxiety for the patients during the process of anesthesia induction. Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) was used to compare the score of emergence agitation and the incidence rate of emergence agitation of the two groups.Results:Finally, 75 cases were included in the intervention group and 75 cases in the control group. During anesthesia induction, the intervention group scored (39.78±4.84) and the control group scored (41.07±5.09) with Cm-YPAS, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Furthermore, compared the PAED score of the intervention group 5(4,8) with the control group 8(5, 11), there were statistically significant differences between the two groups ( Z=-3.07, P<0.01). Emergence agitation incidence in the intervention group was 14.67%(11/75), which was lower than that in the control group 38.67%(29/75), the difference was significant ( χ2=11.05, P<0.01). Conclusions:Visual preconditioning can effectively improve recovery quality after general anesthesia and decrease the incidence rate of emergence agitation in ophthalmic surgery among preschool pediatric patients. It′s well worthy of application and dissemination of visual preconditioning clinically.
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Objective:To investigate the diagnostic efficiency of the 2020 Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (C-TIRADS) and the 2017 American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TIRADS) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the two-dimensional ultrasound image results of 324 thyroid nodules in 289 patients with thyroid nodules and thyroid nodules were performed in the physical examination of the Health Management Department of the Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019. A superficial professional doctor with a senior professional title simultaneously uses the C-TIRADS and ACR-TIRADS methods to evaluate the above nodules. The results are all pathologically referenced for the χ2 test and the receiver operating characteristic curve is drawn. Results:The sensitivity of C-TIRADS in diagnosing benign and malignant thyroid nodules was 81.90%, specificity was 97.72%, accuracy was 92.59%, negative predictive value was 91.85%, positive predictive value was 84.51%; ACR-TIRADS diagnosis The sensitivity of benign and malignant thyroid nodules was 59.05%, specificity was 99.54%, accuracy was 86.42%, negative predictive value was 83.52%, and positive predictive value was 98.41%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.958 and 0.935( Z=2.31 P=0.021). Conclusion:C-TIRADS classification based on counting method is better than ACR-TIRADS classification based on sub-method in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. It has better efficacy and is more suitable for the current status of diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules in China.
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Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) serves as a clinical gold-standard noninvasive imaging technique for the assessment of global and regional cardiac function. Conventional cardiac MRI is limited by the long acquisition time, the need for ECG gating and/or long breathhold, and insufficient spatiotemporal resolution. Real-time cardiac cine MRI refers to high spatiotemporal cardiac imaging using data acquired continuously without synchronization or binning, and therefore of potential interest in overcoming the limitations of conventional cardiac MRI. Novel acquisition and reconstruction techniques must be employed to facilitate real-time cardiac MRI. The goal of this study is to discuss methods that have been developed for realtime cardiac MRI. In particular, we classified existing techniques into two categories based on the use of non-iterative and iterative reconstruction. In addition, we present several research trends in this direction, including deep learning-based image reconstruction and other advanced real-time cardiac MRI strategies that reconstruct images acquired from real-time free-breathing techniques.
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Nail unit tumors are a group of rare tumors only occurring in the nail unit, including onychopapilloma, onychomatricoma, onychocytic matricoma, onycholemmal carcinoma, and so on. These tumors have specific clinical manifestations and pathological features due to their special anatomical locations. This review focuses on clinical manifestations, histopathological characteristics and treatment of the above tumors.
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Follicular thyroid carcinoma(FTC) is a differentiated thyroid carcinoma originated from thyroid follicular cells. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound classification and scoring systems in diagnosis of follicular carcinoma are insufficient. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration(US-FNA) can screen but cannot diagnose FTC. Core needle biology(CNB) can reduce repeated FNA and unnecessary operations, and improve the diagnostic accuracy of FN patients, but CNB still has many controversies. Ultrasound guided FNA combined with gene detection (such as RAS) can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of follicular neoplasm. In recent years, artificial intelligence assisted diagnosis has shown high specificity in distinguishing FTC from follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA), which is conducive to the standardized treatment of thyroid follicular neoplasm. In this paper, the research progress of ultrasound based in diagnosis of FTC was reviewed.
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Objective:To investigate the characteristics and significance of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF- 1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) expressions in ankle cartilage of patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD).Methods:In this case-control study, 10 KBD patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedics of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital from January 2010 to December 2016 were selected as KBD group, and 10 patients with ankle fracture caused by trauma but without talus injury during the same period were selected as control group, the cartilage tissues of the two groups were collected. IGF-1, IGFBP2 positive cells, the mRNA and protein expressions of IGF-1, IGFBP2 in the cartilage tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. According to the expressions of IGF-1 and IGFBP2 in ankle cartilage of KBD patients, a patient with amputation caused by trauma was selected in Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, and ankle joint cartilage was taken to prepare chondrocytes for in vitro cell verification experiments. The chondrocyte were divided into control group (0 ng/ml T-2 toxin), T-2 treatment group (20 ng/ml T-2 toxin) and T-2+ IGFBP2 silenced group (20 ng/ml T-2 toxin+ 50 nmol/L IGFBP2 siRNA), the MTT method and dimethyl methylene blue staining were used to detect the activity of chondrocyte and the secretion of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG). Results:In the control group and the KBD group, the number of IGF-1[(47.26 ± 8.97), (68.15 ± 7.42) cells] and IGFBP2 positive cells [(27.56 ± 5.40), (71.85 ± 7.62) cells] in the cartilage tissues were significantly different ( t = 4.487, 9.402, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the IGF-1, IGFBP2 mRNA and protein expression levels in KBD group were significantly higher, the differences were significantly different ( t = 3.340, 20.700, 4.684, 8.699, P < 0.05 or < 0.01). In cell experiment, the chondrocyte activitives and sGAG contents of the control group, T-2 treatment group, and T-2+ IGFBP2 silenced group were significantly different ( F = 226.70, 80.66, P < 0.01); among them, the cell activitives and sGAG contents of the T-2 treatment group and T-2+ IGFBP2 silenced group were lower than those of control group ( P < 0.05), and the T-2+ IGFBP2 silenced group were higher than those of the T-2 treatment group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:The expressions of IGF-1 and IGFBP2 in the ankle cartilage of KBD patients are significantly higher. Silencing IGFBP2 gene can reduce the inhibitory effect of T-2 toxin on chondrocyte activity and the secretion of sGAG.
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With the further understanding and the accumulation of experiences in diagnosis and treatment for chronic cough, a growing number of evaluation scales about chronic cough are used in clinical practice.Medical workers try to quantitatively evaluate chronic cough and accurately guide clinical practices with evaluation scales.At present, the evaluation scales of chronic cough mostly focus on health-related quality of life, because chronic cough will seriously affect the quality of life for patients, and further affect the psychology, daily life and family members of patients.
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Objective:To detect the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-1 in serum and synovial fluid of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) and osteoarthritis (OA) and analyze the relationship between IL-1β, IGF-1 levels and visual analogue scale (VAS) score.Methods:From January 2010 to December 2016, 60 patients visited the department of orthopedics of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital were selected, included 20 patients with KBD (arthroscopic debridement of ankle), 20 patients with OA (arthroscopic debridement of ankle), and 20 patients with ankle fracture (no talus injury) as control group. The peripheral blood and synovial fluid samples from the patients were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression levels of IL-1β, IGF-1 in serum and synovial fluid. In each group, VAS score was calculated pre-operative and post-operative at 3, 7, 14 and 28 d. The relationship between IL-1β, IGF-1 levels and VAS score was evaluated by correlation analysis.Results:Synovial fluid IL-1β and IGF-1 levels in the KBD and OA groups were (67.32 ± 6.22), (56.46 ± 5.43) and (24.36 ± 6.22), (21.45 ± 4.35) pg/ml, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group [(27.01 ± 3.15), (10.21 ± 2.50) pg/ml, P < 0.05]. Meanwhile, serum IL-1β and IGF-1 levels in the KBD and OA groups were higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of IL-1β and IGF-1 in serum pre-operative and post-operative at 3, 7, 14 and 28 d were positively correlated with VAS score in KBD and OA groups, respectively ( r = 0.427, 0.502, 0.562, 0.628, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The levels of IL-1β and IGF-1 in synovial fluid from ankle joints and serum are significantly increased in KBD group and OA group, and the levels of IL-1β and IGF-1 in serum are positively correlated with VAS score, respectively.
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BRAF is a serine/threonine kinase that harbors activating mutations in ∼7% of human malignancies and ∼60% of melanomas. Despite initial clinical responses to BRAF inhibitors, patients frequently develop drug resistance. To identify candidate therapeutic targets for BRAF inhibitor resistant melanoma, we conduct CRISPR screens in melanoma cells harboring an activating BRAF mutation that had also acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. To investigate the mechanisms and pathways enabling resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanomas, we integrate expression, ATAC-seq, and CRISPR screen data. We identify the JUN family transcription factors and the ETS family transcription factor ETV5 as key regulators of CDK6, which together enable resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma cells. Our findings reveal genes contributing to resistance to a selective BRAF inhibitor PLX4720, providing new insights into gene regulation in BRAF inhibitor resistant melanoma cells.
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OBJECTIVE：To study the composition and contents of flavonoids chemical components in waste material during industrialization of Pueraria thomsonii resources，and to provide reference for comprehensive development and reasonable utilization of the variety. METHODS ：Using“No. 2 Gange”of P. thomsonii from Jiangxi as objects ，UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and HPLC method were adopted to detect the components and contents of flavonoids in the root （with or without cortex ），cortex，flower， fibrous root ，stem，head and dregs （with or without cortex ）of P. thomsonii as well as dry matter of industrial wastewater （with or without cortex ）after precipitation of pueraria powder. RESULTS ：The linearity ，precision，repeatability，stability and recovery of the established method for content determination of 7 flavonoids（puerarin，daidzin，iridoxine-7-O-xylose glucoside ，genistin， iridin，daidzein and kakkalide ）were all in line with the requirements. Totally 12 kinds of flavonoids were identified ，among which the flavonoids in the root ，cortex，stem，fibrous root ，head and dregs of P. thomsonii as well as dry matter of industrial wastewater were the same ，mainly were puerarin ，daidzin，genistein，daidzein and malonyl-daidzein. The flower of P. thomsonii mainly included iridoxine- 7-O-xylose glucoside ，genistin，iridin，kakkalide，6″-O-xylosyldaidzein，but the components as puerarin ， daidzin and its aglycone were not be detected. The content of puerarin in the head of P. thomsonii was the highest （5.765％）. The contents of puerarin in root and dregs of P. thomsonii as well as dry matter of industrial waste-water in samples with cortex were all higher than in corresponding peeled sample. CONCLUSIONS ：The waste material from the industrialization of P. thomsonii resources contains a lot of flavonoids with rich species and high content ，and can be used as an important raw material for obtaining flavonoids such as puerarin.
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Objective@#To understand the status quo of quality of work life and turnover intention of nurses, and to explore the correlation between them, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating nursing intervention measures to improve quality of life and reduce turnover intention.@*Methods@#In December 2018, Random sampling method was used to select 400 nurses from a third-class hospital as the subjects of investigation. The quality of life of nurses was assessed by the quality of work life scale. The turnover intention of nurses was assessed by the turnover intention scale.@*Results@#Nurses' quality of work life was average 2.97±0.59 points, 2.78±0.60 points for job security, 2.61±0.66 points for work welfare, 3.11±0.70 points for job change, 3.34±0.71 points for self-growth, 2.97±0.63 points for environmental support, 2.51±0.80 points for promotion system, 3.41±0.68 points for interpersonal interaction and 3.01±0.72 points for decision-making. Nurses' turnover intention was average 2.46 points. The eight dimensions of quality of work life were negatively correlated with turnover intention I (the possibility of resigning from the present job) and II (the motivation to seek other jobs) (P<0.05) , but not with turnover intention III (the possibility of obtaining external work) (P>0.05) . Multivariate regression analysis showed that age, nurse-job seniority, annual income and self-growth, job change, environmental support, job security and job welfare were negatively correlated with turnover intention I and II (P<0.05) , while night shift frequency was positively correlated with turnover intention I and turnover intention II (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#The quality of nursing staff's work life is low, which is closely related to their turnover intention. Managers should take targeted measures in some aspects such as environ mental support and promotion system to improve the quality of nursing staff's work life and reduce their turnover intention.
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Objective@#To investigate the correlation between cervical lymph node skip metastasis with ultrasonographic characteristics of papillary thyroid micro- carcinoma (PTMC).@*Methods@#We reviewed ultrasonographic features of 385 primary PTMC and cervical lymph node metastasis, confirmed by pathology in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis of PTMC patients. The relationship between ultrasonographic features of primary lesions and skip metastasis of cervical lymph nodes was analyzed by χ2 test and multiple factor Cox regression.@*Results@#Among the 385 cases of PTMC patients with cervical lymph node metastasis, 231 cases were central lymph node metastasis alone, 31 cases were lateral cervical lymph node metastasis alone, 123 cases were both central and lateral cervical lymph node metastasis. Among the 354 cases without skip metastasis of cervical lymph nodes, 48 cases were level Ⅱ, 92 cases were level Ⅲ, 83 cases were level Ⅳ, 9 cases were level Ⅴ, 354 cases were level Ⅵ. Among the 31 cases with skipping metastasis of cervical lymph nodes, 12 cases were level Ⅱ, 14 cases were level Ⅲ, 14 cases were level Ⅳ, 1 case was level Ⅴ. The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative ultrasonography in the diagnosis of central cervical lymph node metastasis were 46.3% and 66.7%, respectively, and those of lateral cervical lymph node were 91.0% and 87.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the abutment/perimeter, diameter and location of PTMC were significantly associated with skip metastasis (P<0.05), multivariate analysis showed that abutment/perimeter and location of PTMC were significantly associated with skip metastasis (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative ultrasound diagnosis for lateral cervical lymph node metastasis of PTMC is higher than that of central metastasis. PTMC with abutment/perimeter ≥1/4 and upper portion location are prone to skip metastasis.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of diabetes on the risk of stroke recurrence within 1 year after onset of ischemic stroke.@*Methods@#Patients with ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from October 2016 to August 2017 were enrolled prospectively. Their baseline clinical data were collected and they were followed up for one year. The risk factors for ischemic stroke in recurrence group and non-recurrence group were compared. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine the independent risk factors for ischemic stroke recurrence. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to explore the impact of risk factors on the risk of stroke recurrence.@*Results@#A total of 1 436 patients with ischemic stroke were included. During the follow-up of 1 year, a total of 183 patients had recurrence (12.74%). There were significant differences in the proportion of patients with diabetes, atrial fibrillation, hyperhomocysteinemia, oral antiplatelet drugs, and statins after discharge, and baseline fasting blood glucose level between the recurrence and the non-recurrence group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio [HR] 1.574, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.161-2.134; P=0.003) was an independent risk factor for stroke recurrence. Taking statins (HR 0.686, 95% CI 0.481-0.979; P=0.038) and antiplatelet agents (HR 0.678, 95% CI 0.467-0.983; P=0.041) after discharge were the independent protective factors for ischemic stroke recurrence. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the recurrence rate of ischemic stroke in patients with diabetes was significantly higher than that in those without diabetes (log-rank test, P=0.003). The recurrence rate of stroke in patients taking statins and antiplatelet drugs was significantly lower than that in patients who did not take the corresponding drugs (log-rank test, all P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#Diabetes is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke recurrence, and taking statins and antiplatelet drugs are the independent protective factors for ischemic stroke recurrence.
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Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an anesthetic which is also known to have abuse potential. Nitrous oxide-induced disease is occasionally encountered in the clinic, and there have been only several case reports about nitrous oxide-induced disease. In this article we review the reported cases of severe nerve injury following N2O abuse.
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Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an anesthetic which is also known to have abuse potential.Nitrous oxide-induced disease is occasionally encountered in the clinic,and there have been only several case reports about nitrous oxide-induced disease.In this article we review the reported cases of severe nerve injury following N2O abuse.
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OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for the development and sustainable utilization of TCM industry with regional characteristics. METHODS： Taking Shicheng county of Jiangxi province as an example， field investigation was carried out on Paeoniaceae suffruticosa planting base in the county， a few representative P. suffruticosa planting bases in the county were selected as sample points， and GPS was used to locate and record the location information of sample points. The remote sensing image was automatically extracted by computer， the artificial visual interpretation method was used to get P. suffruticosa planting area image. Then combined with the field inspection verification， P. suffruticosa planting area was obtained， and the investigation results were analyzed. RESULTS： Through remote sensing interpretation of the planting area of P. suffruticosa in Shicheng county， it was obtained that the total planting area of P. suffruticosa in Shicheng county was 42 597 951.505 square meters （63 864.995 mu） in 2018， accounting for about 33％ of the cultivated land area， which was 42.12％ higher than the conventional planting area of 44 936 mu in 2013. The distribution of P. suffruticosa planting in Shicheng county was mainly concentrated in Xiaosong town and Fengshan town in the north， and Daqu town and Pingshan town in the south. CONCLUSIONS： Remote sensing technology has the advantages of fast data acquisition， large amount of information， high accuracy and strong timeliness， which greatly avoids the complexity of work， saves a lot of manpower and material resources. The technology can provide technology support for obtaining the regional planting area and distribution information of TCM such as P. suffruticosa， dynamic monitoring， scientific warning of the market status of TCM， and guiding the large-scale， standardized and intensive development of TCM cultivation.
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Objective To explore the clinical effect of dynamic enhancement combined with diffusion -weighted magnetic resonance imaging( MRI) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods From January 2017 to January 2018,100 patients with breast lesions in Zhoushan Hospital were selected in the study. The patients received MR-DWI and DCE-MRI inspection,and the results were compared with the pathological verification results. Results The ADC value of benign breast lesions was (1. 65 ± 0. 24) × 10 -3 mm2/s. The ADC value of malignant breast lesions was (1. 17 ± 0. 17) × 10 -3 mm2/s,and there was statistically significant difference in ADC value between patients with benign and malignant breast lesions(t=5. 021,P<0. 05). The number of type Ⅰ,typeⅡ and type Ⅲ curve cases of 88 patients with benign lesions was 62 cases(70. 45％),18 cases(20. 45％) and 8 cases(9. 09％),respectively. The number of patients with type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ curve of malignant lesion was 3 cases(15. 00％),5 cases(25. 00％) and 12 cases(60. 00％),respectively. For dynamic enhancement type Ⅰand type Ⅲ curve in breast benign and malignant lesions,the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =8. 254,P<0. 05). The area under the curve of the joint diagnosis compared with the simple use of ADC and DEC-MRI,the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =6. 032,P<0. 05). The ADC compared with DEC-the area under the curve of MRI in the diagnosis had no obvious difference(χ2 =5. 221,P>5. 221). Conclusion The integrated use of DWI and DCE-MRI can lay the solid data for the diagnosis of breast malignant tumor,and effectively strengthen the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity,and make clinical intervention and clinical treatment easily.